Illinois Power of Attorney
Act:
Statutory Short Form Power of Attorney For Property 755 ILCS 45/3-3
ILLINOIS STATUTORY SHORT FORM POWER OF ATTORNEY FOR PROPERTY
NOTICE TO THE INDIVIDUAL SIGNING THE ILLINOIS STATUTORY SHORT FORM POWER OF ATTORNEY FOR PROPERTY.
PLEASE READ THIS NOTICE CAREFULLY. The form that you will be signing is
a legal document. It is governed by the Illinois Power of Attorney Act.
If there is anything about this form that you do not understand, you
should ask a lawyer to explain it to you. The
purpose of this Power of Attorney is to give your designated "agent"
broad powers to handle your financial affairs, which may include the
power to pledge, sell, or dispose of any of your real or personal
property, even without your consent or any advance notice to you. When
using the Statutory Short Form, you may name successor agents, but you
may not name co‑agents.
This form does not impose a duty upon your agent to handle your
financial affairs, so it is important that you select an agent who will
agree to do this for you. It is also important to select an agent whom
you trust, since you are giving that agent control over your financial
assets and property. Any agent who does act for you has a duty to act
in good faith for your benefit and to use due care, competence, and
diligence. He or she must also act in accordance with the law and with
the directions in this form. Your agent must keep a record of all
receipts, disbursements, and significant actions taken as your agent.
Unless you specifically limit the period of time that this Power of
Attorney will be in effect, your agent may exercise the powers given to
him or her throughout your lifetime, both before and after you become
incapacitated. A court, however, can take away the powers of your agent
if it finds that the agent is not acting properly. You may also revoke
this Power of Attorney if you wish.
This Power of Attorney does not authorize your agent to appear in court
for you as an attorney‑at‑law or otherwise to engage in the practice of
law unless he or she is a licensed attorney who is authorized to
practice law in Illinois. The powers you give
your agent are explained more fully in Section 3‑4 of the Illinois
Power of Attorney Act. This form is a part of that law. The "NOTE"
paragraphs throughout this form are instructions.
You are not required to sign this Power of Attorney, but it will not
take effect without your signature. You should not sign this Power of
Attorney if you do not understand everything in it, and what your agent
will be able to do if you do sign it.
Please place your initials on the following line indicating that you have read this Notice:
..................... Principal's initials
ILLINOIS STATUTORY SHORT FORM POWER OF ATTORNEY FOR PROPERTY
NOTICE TO THE INDIVIDUAL SIGNING THE ILLINOIS STATUTORY SHORT FORM POWER OF ATTORNEY FOR PROPERTY.
PLEASE READ THIS NOTICE CAREFULLY. The form that you will be signing is
a legal document. It is governed by the Illinois Power of Attorney Act.
If there is anything about this form that you do not understand, you
should ask a lawyer to explain it to you.
The
purpose of this Power of Attorney is to give your designated "agent"
broad powers to handle your financial affairs, which may include the
power to pledge, sell, or dispose of any of your real or personal
property, even without your consent or any advance notice to you. When
using the Statutory Short Form, you may name successor agents, but you
may not name co‑agents.
This form does not
impose a duty upon your agent to handle your financial affairs, so it
is important that you select an agent who will agree to do this for
you. It is also important to select an agent whom you trust, since you
are giving that agent control over your financial assets and property.
Any agent who does act for you has a duty to act in good faith for your
benefit and to use due care, competence, and diligence. He or she must
also act in accordance with the law and with the directions in this
form. Your agent must keep a record of all receipts, disbursements, and
significant actions taken as your agent.
Unless you specifically limit the period of time that this Power of
Attorney will be in effect, your agent may exercise the powers given to
him or her throughout your lifetime, both before and after you become
incapacitated. A court, however, can take away the powers of your agent
if it finds that the agent is not acting properly. You may also revoke
this Power of Attorney if you wish.
This
Power of Attorney does not authorize your agent to appear in court for
you as an attorney‑at‑law or otherwise to engage in the practice of law
unless he or she is a licensed attorney who is authorized to practice
law in Illinois.
The powers you give your
agent are explained more fully in Section 3‑4 of the Illinois Power of
Attorney Act. This form is a part of that law. The "NOTE" paragraphs
throughout this form are instructions.
You
are not required to sign this Power of Attorney, but it will not take
effect without your signature. You should not sign this Power of
Attorney if you do not understand everything in it, and what your agent
will be able to do if you do sign it.
Please place your initials on the following line indicating that you have read this Notice:
..................... Principal's initials"
ILLINOIS STATUTORY SHORT FORM POWER OF ATTORNEY FOR PROPERTY
1. I,
...................................................................................,
(insert name and address of principal) hereby revoke all prior powers
of attorney for property executed by me and appoint: ................................................................................... (insert name and address of agent)
(NOTE: You may not name co‑agents using this form.)
as
my attorney‑in‑fact (my "agent") to act for me and in my name (in any
way I could act in person) with respect to the following powers, as
defined in Section 3‑4 of the "Statutory Short Form Power of Attorney
for Property Law" (including all amendments), but subject to any
limitations on or additions to the specified powers inserted in
paragraph 2 or 3 below:
(NOTE: You must strike out any one
or more of the following categories of powers you do not want your
agent to have. Failure to strike the title of any category will cause
the powers described in that category to be granted to the agent. To
strike out a category you must draw a line through the title of that
category.)
(a) Real estate transactions. (b) Financial institution transactions. (c) Stock and bond transactions. (d) Tangible personal property transactions. (e) Safe deposit box transactions. (f) Insurance and annuity transactions. (g) Retirement plan transactions. (h) Social Security, employment and military service benefits. (i) Tax matters. (j) Claims and litigation. (k) Commodity and option transactions. (l) Business operations. (m) Borrowing transactions. (n) Estate transactions. (o) All other property transactions.
(NOTE:
Limitations on and additions to the agent's powers may be included in
this power of attorney if they are specifically described below.)
2. The powers granted above shall not include the following powers or
shall be modified or limited in the following particulars: (NOTE:
Here you may include any specific limitations you deem appropriate,
such as a prohibition or conditions on the sale of particular stock or
real estate or special rules on borrowing by the agent.) ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3. In addition to the powers granted above, I grant my agent the following powers:
(NOTE:
Here you may add any other delegable powers including, without
limitation, power to make gifts, exercise powers of appointment, name
or change beneficiaries or joint tenants or revoke or amend any trust
specifically referred to below.) ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
(NOTE:
Your agent will have authority to employ other persons as necessary to
enable the agent to properly exercise the powers granted in this form,
but your agent will have to make all discretionary decisions. If you
want to give your agent the right to delegate discretionary
decision‑making powers to others, you should keep paragraph 4,
otherwise it should be struck out.)
4. My
agent shall have the right by written instrument to delegate any or all
of the foregoing powers involving discretionary decision‑making to any
person or persons whom my agent may select, but such delegation may be
amended or revoked by any agent (including any successor) named by me
who is acting under this power of attorney at the time of reference.
(NOTE:
Your agent will be entitled to reimbursement for all reasonable
expenses incurred in acting under this power of attorney. Strike out
paragraph 5 if you do not want your agent to also be entitled to
reasonable compensation for services as agent.)
5. My agent shall be entitled to reasonable compensation for services
rendered as agent under this power of attorney.
(NOTE: This
power of attorney may be amended or revoked by you at any time and in
any manner. Absent amendment or revocation, the authority granted in
this power of attorney will become effective at the time this power is
signed and will continue until your death, unless a limitation on the
beginning date o.....................................................r
duration is made by initialing and completing one or both of paragraphs
6 and 7:)
6. ( ) This power of attorney shall
become effective on
..............................................................
(NOTE:
Insert a future date or event during your lifetime, such as a court
determination of your disability or a written determination by your
physician that you are incapacitated, when you want this power to first
take effect.)
7. ( ) This power of attorney
shall terminate on
..............................................................
(NOTE:
Insert a future date or event, such as a court determination that you
are not under a legal disability or a written determination by your
physician that you are not incapacitated, if you want this power to
terminate prior to your death.)
(NOTE: If you wish to name one or more successor agents, insert the name and address of each successor agent in paragraph 8.)
8. If any agent named by me shall die, become incompetent, resign or
refuse to accept the office of agent, I name the following (each to act
alone and successively, in the order named) as successor(s) to such
agent: ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
For
purposes of this paragraph 8, a person shall be considered to be
incompetent if and while the person is a minor or an adjudicated
incompetent or disabled person or the person is unable to give prompt
and intelligent consideration to business matters, as certified by a
licensed physician.
(NOTE: If you wish to, you may name your
agent as guardian of your estate if a court decides that one should be
appointed. To do this, retain paragraph 9, and the court will appoint
your agent if the court finds that this appointment will serve your
best interests and welfare. Strike out paragraph 9 if you do not want
your agent to act as guardian.)
9. If a
guardian of my estate (my property) is to be appointed, I nominate the
agent acting under this power of attorney as such guardian, to serve
without bond or security.
10. I am fully
informed as to all the contents of this form and understand the full
import of this grant of powers to my agent.
(NOTE: This form
does not authorize your agent to appear in court for you as an
attorney‑at‑law or otherwise to engage in the practice of law unless he
or she is a licensed attorney who is authorized to practice law in
Illinois.)
11. The Notice to Agent is incorporated by reference and included as part of this form.
Dated: ................
Signed ........................................... (principal)
(NOTE:
This power of attorney will not be effective unless it is signed by at
least one witness and your signature is notarized, using the form
below. The notary may not also sign as a witness.)
The
undersigned witness certifies that
............................................................................,
known to me to be the same person whose name is subscribed as principal
to the foregoing power of attorney, appeared before me and the notary
public and acknowledged signing and delivering the instrument as the
free and voluntary act of the principal, for the uses and purposes
therein set forth. I believe him or her to be of sound mind and memory.
The undersigned witness also certifies that the witness is not: (a) the
attending physician or mental health service provider or a relative of
the physician or provider; (b) an owner, operator, or relative of an
owner or operator of a health care facility in which the principal is a
patient or resident; (c) a parent, sibling, descendant, or any spouse
of such parent, sibling, or descendant of either the principal or any
agent or successor agent under the foregoing power of attorney, whether
such relationship is by blood, marriage, or adoption; or (d) an agent
or successor agent under the foregoing power of attorney.
Dated: ................
Signed ........................................... Witness
(NOTE:
Illinois requires only one witness, but other jurisdictions may require
more than one witness. If you wish to have a second witness, have him
or her certify and sign here:)
(Second witness) The
undersigned witness certifies that ................, known to me to be
the same person whose name is subscribed as principal to the foregoing
power of attorney, appeared before me and the notary public and
acknowledged signing and delivering the instrument as the free and
voluntary act of the principal, for the uses and purposes therein set
forth. I believe him or her to be of sound mind and memory. The
undersigned witness also certifies that the witness is not: (a) the
attending physician or mental health service provider or a relative of
the physician or provider; (b) an owner, operator, or relative of an
owner or operator of a health care facility in which the principal is a
patient or resident; (c) a parent, sibling, descendant, or any spouse
of such parent, sibling, or descendant of either the principal or any
agent or successor agent under the foregoing power of attorney, whether
such relationship is by blood, marriage, or adoption; or (d) an agent
or successor agent under the foregoing power of attorney.
Dated: ................
Signed ........................................... Witness
State of ............) ) SS. County of ...........)
The undersigned, a notary public in and for the above county and state,
certifies that ......................., known to me to be the same
person whose name is subscribed as principal to the foregoing power of
attorney, appeared before me and the witness(es) ............. (and
..............) in person and acknowledged signing and delivering the
instrument as the free and voluntary act of the principal, for the uses
and purposes therein set forth (, and certified to the correctness of
the signature(s) of the agent(s)).
Dated: ................
Signed ........................................... Notary Public My commission expires .................
(NOTE:
You may, but are not required to, request your agent and successor
agents to provide specimen signatures below. If you include specimen
signatures in this power of attorney, you must complete the
certification opposite the signatures of the agents.)
Specimen signatures of I certify that the signatures agent (and successors) of my agent (and successors)
are genuine. .......................... .............................
(agent)
(principal) .......................... .............................
(successor
agent)
(principal) .......................... .............................
(successor
agent)
(principal)
(NOTE: The name, address, and phone number of
the person preparing this form or who assisted the principal in
completing this form should be inserted below.) Name: ..................................................... Address: ..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... Phone: ....................
NOTICE TO AGENT
When you accept the authority granted under this power of attorney a
special legal relationship, known as agency, is created between you and
the principal. Agency imposes upon you duties that continue until you
resign or the power of attorney is terminated or revoked.
As agent you must:
(1) do what you know the principal reasonably expects you to do
with the principal's property;
(2) act in good faith for the best interest of the principal, using due
care, competence, and diligence;
(3) keep a complete and detailed record of all receipts,
disbursements, and significant actions conducted for the principal;
(4) attempt to preserve the principal's estate plan, to the extent
actually known by the agent, if preserving the plan is consistent with
the principal's best interest; and
(5) cooperate with a person who has authority to make health care
decisions for the principal to carry out the principal's reasonable
expectations to the extent actually in the principal's best interest.
As agent you must not do any of the following:
(1) act so as to create a conflict of interest that is
inconsistent with the other principles in this Notice to Agent; (2) do any act beyond the authority granted in this power of attorney; (3) commingle the principal's funds with your funds;
(4) borrow funds or other property from the principal, unless
otherwise authorized; (5)
continue acting on behalf of the principal if you learn of any
event that terminates this power of attorney or your authority under
this power of attorney, such as the death of the principal, your legal
separation from the principal, or the dissolution of your marriage to
the principal.
If you have special skills or
expertise, you must use those special skills and expertise when acting
for the principal. You must disclose your identity as an agent whenever
you act for the principal by writing or printing the name of the
principal and signing your own name "as Agent" in the following manner:
"(Principal's Name) by (Your Name) as Agent"
The meaning of the powers granted to you is contained in Section 3‑4 of
the Illinois Power of Attorney Act, which is incorporated by reference
into the body of the power of attorney for property document.
If you violate your duties as agent or act outside the authority
granted to you, you may be liable for any damages, including attorney's
fees and costs, caused by your violation.
If
there is anything about this document or your duties that you do not
understand, you should seek legal advice from an attorney.
Explanation of powers granted in the statutory short form power of attorney for property.
This
Section defines each category of powers listed in the statutory short
form power of attorney for property and the effect of granting powers
to an agent, and is incorporated by reference into the statutory short
form. Incorporation by reference does not require physical attachment
of a copy of this Section 3‑4 to the statutory short form power of
attorney for property. When the title of any of the following
categories is retained (not struck out) in a statutory property power
form, the effect will be to grant the agent all of the principal's
rights, powers and discretions with respect to the types of property
and transactions covered by the retained category, subject to any
limitations on the granted powers that appear on the face of the form.
The agent will have authority to exercise each granted power for and in
the name of the principal with respect to all of the principal's
interests in every type of property or transaction covered by the
granted power at the time of exercise, whether the principal's
interests are direct or indirect, whole or fractional, legal, equitable
or contractual, as a joint tenant or tenant in common or held in any
other form; but the agent will not have power under any of the
statutory categories (a) through (o) to make gifts of the principal's
property, to exercise powers to appoint to others or to change any
beneficiary whom the principal has designated to take the principal's
interests at death under any will, trust, joint tenancy, beneficiary
form or contractual arrangement. The agent will be under no duty to
exercise granted powers or to assume control of or responsibility for
the principal's property or affairs; but when granted powers are
exercised, the agent will be required to act in good faith for the
benefit of the principal using due care, competence, and diligence in
accordance with the terms of the statutory property power and will be
liable for negligent exercise. The agent may act in person or through
others reasonably employed by the agent for that purpose and will have
authority to sign and deliver all instruments, negotiate and enter into
all agreements and do all other acts reasonably necessary to implement
the exercise of the powers granted to the agent.
(a) Real estate transactions. The agent is authorized to: buy, sell,
exchange, rent and lease real estate (which term includes, without
limitation, real estate subject to a land trust and all beneficial
interests in and powers of direction under any land trust); collect all
rent, sale proceeds and earnings from real estate; convey, assign and
accept title to real estate; grant easements, create conditions and
release rights of homestead with respect to real estate; create land
trusts and exercise all powers under land trusts; hold, possess,
maintain, repair, improve, subdivide, manage, operate and insure real
estate; pay, contest, protest and compromise real estate taxes and
assessments; and, in general, exercise all powers with respect to real
estate which the principal could if present and under no disability.
(b) Financial institution transactions. The agent is authorized to:
open, close, continue and control all accounts and deposits in any type
of financial institution (which term includes, without limitation,
banks, trust companies, savings and building and loan associations,
credit unions and brokerage firms); deposit in and withdraw from and
write checks on any financial institution account or deposit; and, in
general, exercise all powers with respect to financial institution
transactions which the principal could if present and under no
disability. This authorization shall also apply to any Totten Trust,
Payable on Death Account, or comparable trust account arrangement where
the terms of such trust are contained entirely on the financial
institution's signature card, insofar as an agent shall be permitted to
withdraw income or principal from such account, unless this
authorization is expressly limited or withheld under paragraph 2 of the
form prescribed under Section 3‑3. This authorization shall not apply
to accounts titled in the name of any trust subject to the provisions
of the Trusts and Trustees Act, for which specific reference to the
trust and a specific grant of authority to the agent to withdraw income
or principal from such trust is required pursuant to Section 2‑9 of the
Illinois Power of Attorney Act and subsection (n) of this Section.
(c) Stock and bond transactions. The agent is authorized to: buy and
sell all types of securities (which term includes, without limitation,
stocks, bonds, mutual funds and all other types of investment
securities and financial instruments); collect, hold and safekeep all
dividends, interest, earnings, proceeds of sale, distributions, shares,
certificates and other evidences of ownership paid or distributed with
respect to securities; exercise all voting rights with respect to
securities in person or by proxy, enter into voting trusts and consent
to limitations on the right to vote; and, in general, exercise all
powers with respect to securities which the principal could if present
and under no disability. (d) Tangible personal
property transactions. The agent is authorized to: buy and sell, lease,
exchange, collect, possess and take title to all tangible personal
property; move, store, ship, restore, maintain, repair, improve,
manage, preserve, insure and safekeep tangible personal property; and,
in general, exercise all powers with respect to tangible personal
property which the principal could if present and under no disability.
(e) Safe deposit box transactions. The agent is authorized to: open,
continue and have access to all safe deposit boxes; sign, renew,
release or terminate any safe deposit contract; drill or surrender any
safe deposit box; and, in general, exercise all powers with respect to
safe deposit matters which the principal could if present and under no
disability. (f) Insurance and annuity
transactions. The agent is authorized to: procure, acquire, continue,
renew, terminate or otherwise deal with any type of insurance or
annuity contract (which terms include, without limitation, life,
accident, health, disability, automobile casualty, property or
liability insurance); pay premiums or assessments on or surrender and
collect all distributions, proceeds or benefits payable under any
insurance or annuity contract; and, in general, exercise all powers
with respect to insurance and annuity contracts which the principal
could if present and under no disability. (g)
Retirement plan transactions. The agent is authorized to: contribute
to, withdraw from and deposit funds in any type of retirement plan
(which term includes, without limitation, any tax qualified or
nonqualified pension, profit sharing, stock bonus, employee savings and
other retirement plan, individual retirement account, deferred
compensation plan and any other type of employee benefit plan); select
and change payment options for the principal under any retirement plan;
make rollover contributions from any retirement plan to other
retirement plans or individual retirement accounts; exercise all
investment powers available under any type of self‑directed retirement
plan; and, in general, exercise all powers with respect to retirement
plans and retirement plan account balances which the principal could if
present and under no disability. (h) Social
Security, unemployment and military service benefits. The agent is
authorized to: prepare, sign and file any claim or application for
Social Security, unemployment or military service benefits; sue for,
settle or abandon any claims to any benefit or assistance under any
federal, state, local or foreign statute or regulation; control,
deposit to any account, collect, receipt for, and take title to and
hold all benefits under any Social Security, unemployment, military
service or other state, federal, local or foreign statute or
regulation; and, in general, exercise all powers with respect to Social
Security, unemployment, military service and governmental benefits
which the principal could if present and under no disability.
(i) Tax matters. The agent is authorized to: sign, verify and file all
the principal's federal, state and local income, gift, estate, property
and other tax returns, including joint returns and declarations of
estimated tax; pay all taxes; claim, sue for and receive all tax
refunds; examine and copy all the principal's tax returns and records;
represent the principal before any federal, state or local revenue
agency or taxing body and sign and deliver all tax powers of attorney
on behalf of the principal that may be necessary for such purposes;
waive rights and sign all documents on behalf of the principal as
required to settle, pay and determine all tax liabilities; and, in
general, exercise all powers with respect to tax matters which the
principal could if present and under no disability.
(j) Claims and litigation. The agent is authorized to: institute,
prosecute, defend, abandon, compromise, arbitrate, settle and dispose
of any claim in favor of or against the principal or any property
interests of the principal; collect and receipt for any claim or
settlement proceeds and waive or release all rights of the principal;
employ attorneys and others and enter into contingency agreements and
other contracts as necessary in connection with litigation; and, in
general, exercise all powers with respect to claims and litigation
which the principal could if present and under no disability. The
statutory short form power of attorney for property does not authorize
the agent to appear in court or any tribunal as an attorney‑at‑law for
the principal or otherwise to engage in the practice of law without
being a licensed attorney who is authorized to practice law in Illinois
under applicable Illinois Supreme Court Rules.
(k) Commodity and option transactions. The agent is authorized to: buy,
sell, exchange, assign, convey, settle and exercise commodities futures
contracts and call and put options on stocks and stock indices traded
on a regulated options exchange and collect and receipt for all
proceeds of any such transactions; establish or continue option
accounts for the principal with any securities or futures broker; and,
in general, exercise all powers with respect to commodities and options
which the principal could if present and under no disability.
(l) Business operations. The agent is authorized to: organize or
continue and conduct any business (which term includes, without
limitation, any farming, manufacturing, service, mining, retailing or
other type of business operation) in any form, whether as a
proprietorship, joint venture, partnership, corporation, trust or other
legal entity; operate, buy, sell, expand, contract, terminate or
liquidate any business; direct, control, supervise, manage or
participate in the operation of any business and engage, compensate and
discharge business managers, employees, agents, attorneys, accountants
and consultants; and, in general, exercise all powers with respect to
business interests and operations which the principal could if present
and under no disability. (m) Borrowing
transactions. The agent is authorized to: borrow money; mortgage or
pledge any real estate or tangible or intangible personal property as
security for such purposes; sign, renew, extend, pay and satisfy any
notes or other forms of obligation; and, in general, exercise all
powers with respect to secured and unsecured borrowing which the
principal could if present and under no disability.
(n) Estate transactions. The agent is authorized to: accept, receipt
for, exercise, release, reject, renounce, assign, disclaim, demand, sue
for, claim and recover any legacy, bequest, devise, gift or other
property interest or payment due or payable to or for the principal;
assert any interest in and exercise any power over any trust, estate or
property subject to fiduciary control; establish a revocable trust
solely for the benefit of the principal that terminates at the death of
the principal and is then distributable to the legal representative of
the estate of the principal; and, in general, exercise all powers with
respect to estates and trusts which the principal could if present and
under no disability; provided, however, that the agent may not make or
change a will and may not revoke or amend a trust revocable or
amendable by the principal or require the trustee of any trust for the
benefit of the principal to pay income or principal to the agent unless
specific authority to that end is given, and specific reference to the
trust is made, in the statutory property power form.
(o) All other property transactions. The agent is authorized to:
exercise all possible authority of the principal with respect to all
possible types of property and interests in property, except to the
extent limited in subsections (a) through (n) of this Section 3‑4 and
to the extent that the principal otherwise limits the generality of
this category (o) by striking out one or more of categories (a) through
(n) or by specifying other limitations in the statutory property power
form.
PleaseNOTE: Because the Illinois State Legislature
may change, amend, or abolish the law without notice, the statute
provided here is not guaranteed to be an exact reproduction of the
law at this time. The code provided here is for informational
purposes only and should not be relied upon before taking any
action. Please consult an attorney.
This web site is intended to supply general
information to the public. Although the information is generally
accurate, it cannot be guaranteed. The nature of Legislation is that
laws change quickly, and visitors should always insure that legal
information is accurate before relying on it. The above information
applies the law of the State of Illinois and City of Chicago. The law
in your jurisdiction may be different. This
information is necessarily brief and may or may not apply to your
situation. In all cases, PLEASE, consult a
lawyer before acting.
This web site is not intended to be
solicitation, or legal advice. Thus, the reader should not consider
this information to be an invitation for an attorney-client
relationship, should not rely on information provided herein, and
should always seek the advice of competent counsel in the reader's
state.
